| Citation: |
Ming Chen, Meng Fan, Xin Wang. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON CELL SIZE[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2020, 10(6): 2644-2658. doi: 10.11948/20200008
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON CELL SIZE
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Abstract
We present a simple nutrient—phytoplankton model that incorporates adaptive evolution and allometric relations. This model allows us to examine the patterns and consequences of adaptive changes in the cell size of phytoplankton under the effect of changes in water temperature. A theoretical study reveals that the ecological reproductive index can be used to characterize the evolutionary dynamics of the nutrient—phytoplankton model. Numerical analysis suggests that phytoplankton should evolve toward the small sizes typical of picophytoplankton as the water temperature increases. This study provides a framework for studying the adaptive evolution of phytoplankton cell size in water ecosystem.-
Keywords:
- Adaptive evolution /
- phytoplankton /
- body size /
- ecological reproductive index /
- temperature
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References
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Ming Chen, Meng Fan, Xin Wang. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON CELL SIZE[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2020, 10(6): 2644-2658. doi: 10.11948/20200008
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Figure 1. (a) Plot of basic reproductive index with respect to cell size (
$ x $ ), where the solid points at the "peaks" represent the continuously stable strategies, the hollow point at the "valley" represents the evolutionary repeller, and the arrows denote the directions as$ x $ evolves. (b) Pairwise invisibility plot, where the dark region with '$ + $ ' corresponds to resident–mutant pairs$ (x, y) $ that allow the mutant to invade (i.e.,$ F(y, x)>0 $ ) and the white region with '$ - $ ' denotes the region in which the mutant can not invade (i.e.,$ F(y, x)<0 $ ). -
Figure 2. Basic reproductive index with respect to cell size
$ x $ with varying temperature. The solid point at the local "peak" of the curve represents the continuously stable strategy. (a) Water temperature below the optimal level. (b) Water temperature above the optimal level. The horizontal arrows represent the directions as$ x^* $ evolves with increasing temperature. The vertical arrows represent the directions as the evolutionarily stable fecundity of phytoplankton$ \hat{R}_0 $ varies with increasing temperature. -
Figure 3. (a) Effect of increasing temperature on the evolutionarily stable fecundity of phytoplankton
$ \hat{R}_0 $ . (b) Effect of increasing temperature on the cell size$ x^* $ under the continuously stable strategy. The dashed line denotes the minimum phytoplankton cell size.