| Citation: | Imene Meriem Mostefaoui, Ali Moussaoui, Abdellatif Seghiour. TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF BACTERIA IN RIVERS AFFECTED BY POLLUTION[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2026, 16(3): 1517-1534. doi: 10.11948/20240214 |
This paper presents a convection-reaction-diffusion system; our objective is to apply this model in quantifying and analyzing the spatial arrangement of bacteria resistant to antibiotics within a river. By means of our research, we successfully determine a sufficient condition for the presence of a non-constant positive solution for the associated elliptic system through Leray-Schauder's degree theory. To further support our findings, we have included numerical simulations that align with our theoretical analysis.
| [1] | H. Amann, Dynamics theory of quasilinear parabolic equation. Ⅰ. Abstract evolution equation, Nonlinear Anal. Theory Methods Appl., 1988, 12(9), 895–919. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(88)90073-9 |
| [2] | H. Brézis, Analyse Fonctionnelle–Théorie et Applications, Dunod, Paris, 1999. |
| [3] | J. P. Cabral, Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2010, 7(10), 3657–3703. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7103657 |
| [4] | J. Chu, Steady States of a Diffusive Population-Toxicant Model with Negative Toxicant-Taxis, Acta Appl. Math., 2024, 190(1). |
| [5] | E. M. C. D'Agata, P. Magal, D. Olivier, S. Ruan and G. F. Webb, Modeling antibiotic resistance in hospitals: The impact of minimizing treatment duration, J. Theor. Biol., 2007, 249(3), 487–499. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.011 |
| [6] | E. M. C. D'Agata, P. Magal, S. Ruan and G. F. Webb, Asymptotic behavior in nosocomial epidemic models with antibiotic resistance, Differ. Integral Equ., 2006, 19(5), 573–600. |
| [7] | G. Dinca and J. Mawhin, Brouwer Degree: The Core of Nonlinear Analysis, Birkhäuser, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021. |
| [8] | A. Haraux and M. Kirane, Estimations $C^1$ pour des problèmes paraboliques semi-linéaires, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse Math., 1983, 5(3–4), 265–280. doi: 10.5802/afst.598 |
| [9] | P. Henriot, E. Buelow, F. Petit, M. -C. Ploy, C. Dagot and L. Opatowski, Modeling the impact of urban and hospital eco-exposomes on antibiotic-resistance dynamics in wastewaters, Sci. Total Environ., 2024, 924, 171643. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171643 |
| [10] | M. Jampani, R Gothwal, J Mateo-Sagasta and S Langan, Water quality modelling framework for evaluating antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, J. Hazard. Mater. Lett., 2022, 3(1), 100056. |
| [11] | J. Jia, Z. Zhao, J. Yang and A. Zeb, Parameter estimation and global sensitivity analysis of a bacterial-plasmid model with impulsive drug treatment, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2024, 183, 114901. doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2024.114901 |
| [12] | M. J. Keeling and P. Rohani, Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2008. |
| [13] | M. Kirane, Global bounds and asymptotics for a system of reaction-diffusion equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 1989, 138(2), 328–342. doi: 10.1016/0022-247X(89)90293-X |
| [14] | B. A. Lawrence, A. Mummert and C. Somerville, A model of the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria in rivers, preprint, 2010. arXiv: 1007.1383. |
| [15] | J. Leray and J. Schauder, Topologie et équations fonctionnelles, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér., 1934, 51, 45–78. |
| [16] | Y. Lou and W. M. Ni, Diffusion vs cross-diffusion: An elliptic approach, J. Differ. Equ., 1999, 154(1), 157–190. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1998.3559 |
| [17] | E. Ibargüen-Mondragón, S. Mosquera, M. Cerón, E. M. Burbano-Rosero, S. P. Hidalgo-Bonilla, L. Esteva and J. P. Romero-Leiton, Mathematical modeling on bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics caused by spontaneous mutations, BioSystems, 2014, 117, 60–67. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.01.005 |
| [18] | I. M. Mostefaoui and A. Moussaoui, On a non-autonomous reaction-convection diffusion model to study the bacteria distribution in a river, Int. J. Biomath., 2017, 10(8), 1750112. doi: 10.1142/S1793524517501121 |
| [19] | I. M. Mostefaoui, A. Moussaoui and M. Andasmas, Analysis of the model describing the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria in a polluted river, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 2014, 37(13), 1956–1973. doi: 10.1002/mma.2949 |
| [20] | J. Mushanyu, Mathematical modelling of community acquired antibiotic resistant infections, Info. Med. Unloc., 2024, 45, 101452. doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2024.101452 |
| [21] |
News and Events, University of York, 2019. |
| [22] | L. Nirenberg, Topics in Nonlinear Functional Analysis, American Mathematical Society, New York, 2001. |
| [23] | C. V. Pao, Quasisolutions and global attractor of reaction-diffusion systems, Nonlinear Anal. Theory Methods Appl., 1996, 26(12), 1889–1903. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(95)00058-4 |
| [24] | A. M. Smith, J. A. McCullers and F. R. Adler, Mathematical model of a three-stage innate immune response to a pneumococcal lung infection, J. Theor. Biol., 2011, 276(1), 106–116. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.01.052 |
| [25] | J. Smoller, Shock Waves and Reaction-Diffusion Equations, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994. |
| [26] | L. Ternent, R. J. Dyson, A. -M. Krachler and S. Jabbari, Bacterial fitness shapes the population dynamics of antibiotic-resistant and -susceptible bacteria in a model of combined antibiotic and anti-virulence treatment, J. Theor. Biol., 2015, 372, 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.011 |
| [27] | I. I. Vrabie, $C_0$-Semigroups and Applications, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2003. |
| [28] | G. F. Webb, E. M. C. D'Agata, P. Magal and S. Ruan, A model of antibiotic-resistant bacterial epidemics in hospitals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2005, 102(37), 13343–13348. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0504053102 |
| [29] |
World Health Organization, The World is Running Out of Antibiotics, WHO Report Confirms, 2017. |
| [30] | C. Xu, Y. Zhu, Q. Li, Z. Wang, H. Hao, M. Zhou, Q. Xiang, J. Ding and X. Zhu, Antibiotic resistance genes risks in relation to host pathogenicity and mobility in a typical hospital wastewater treatment process, Environ. Res., 2024, 259, 119554. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119554 |
| [31] | L. Zhang, Positive steady states of an elliptic system arising from biomathematics, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 2005, 6(1), 83–110. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2004.07.002 |
(a) Arrival of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria from land at
Evolution of
Evolution of
Evolution of
Evolution of