| Citation: | Ting Yuan, Tianwei Zhang. RANDOM WEIGHTED-PSEUDO-ALMOST PERIODICITY AND COSTING CONTROLS FOR TIME-SPACE DIFFERENCING STOCHASTIC CNNS WITH INFINITE DISTRIBUTED DELAYS[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2026, 16(4): 1643-1667. doi: 10.11948/20250169 |
This paper investigates weighted pseudo $ \theta $-almost periodicity in discrete-time and -space stochastic competitive neural networks with time delays (IDD-SCNNs) driven by two-sided Brownian motions. Using the variation-of-constants formula and fixed-point theory, new results are established on the existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions. A guaranteed cost controller is further designed for the drive–response–error IDD-SCNNs to ensure global mean-square exponential stability. The study also reveals how spatial diffusion influences stochastic dynamics and control performance. These findings extend existing results on stochastic neural networks to the discrete spatio-temporal framework.
| [1] | Z. S. Aghayan, A. Alfi, Y. Mousavi, I. B. Kucukdemiral and A. Fekih, Guaranteed cost robust output feedback control design for fractional-order uncertain neutral delay systems, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2022, 163, 112523. |
| [2] | Y. Cao, A. R. Subhashri, A. Chandrasekar, T. Radhika and K. Przybyszewski, Exponential state estimation for delayed competitive neural network via stochastic sampled-data control with Markov jump parameters under actuator failure, J. Artif. Intell. Soft Comput. Res., 2024, 14(4), 373–385. |
| [3] | C. Chen, J. Cui, J. Hong and D. Sheng, Accelerated exponential Euler scheme for stochastic heat equation: Convergence rate of the density, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 2023, 43(2), 1181–1220. |
| [4] | R. Dahal and I. Kar, Guaranteed cost tracking control of constrained input nonlinear uncertain systems using event-based ADP, Neurocomputing, 2024, 572, 127179. |
| [5] | P. R. D. Fitte, Almost periodicity and periodicity for nonautonomous random dynamical systems, Stochastics Dyn., 2020, 21(3), 2150034. |
| [6] | M. Kostić, Asymptotically Weyl almost periodic functions in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2021, 498(1), 124961. |
| [7] | K. Li, Weighted pseudo almost automorphic solutions for nonautonomous SPDEs driven by Lévy noise, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2015, 427(1), 686–721. |
| [8] | J. Lin, R. Xu and L. Li, Spatio-temporal synchronization of reaction–diffusion BAM neural networks via impulsive pinning control, Neurocomputing, 2020, 418, 300–313. |
| [9] | B. Lu, H. Jiang, C. Hu, A. Abdurahman and M. Liu, Adaptive pinning cluster synchronization of a stochastic reaction-diffusion complex network, Neural Netw., 2023, 166, 524–540. |
| [10] | F. Ma, T. Ouyang, Y. Cheng, B. Zhu and P. Ji, Non-fragile guaranteed cost control of microbial fuel cells, ISA Trans., 2023, 143, 398–408. |
| [11] | F. Miaadi and X. Li, Impulse-dependent settling-time for finite-time stabilization of uncertain impulsive static neural networks with leakage delay and distributed delays, Math. Comput. Simul., 2021, 182, 259–276. |
| [12] | M. A. Onyido and W. Shen, Nonlocal dispersal equations with almost periodic dependence. I. Principal spectral theory, J. Differ. Equ., 2021, 295, 1–38. |
| [13] | A. Pratap, R. Raja, R. P. Agarwal and J. Cao, Stability analysis and robust synchronization of fractional-order competitive neural networks with different time scales and impulsive perturbations, Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process., 2019, 33(10), 1635–1660. |
| [14] | H. Qu, Z. Xia and M. Wu, Guaranteed cost control via dynamic output feedback for networked interval type-2 T–S fuzzy system with hybrid communication mechanism, ISA Trans., 2023, 143, 286–297. |
| [15] | G. Rajchakit, P. Chanthorn, M. Niezabitowski, R. Raja, D. Baleanu and A. Pratap, Impulsive effects on stability and passivity analysis of memristor-based fractional-order competitive neural networks, Neurocomputing, 2020, 417, 290–301. |
| [16] | G. Rajchakit and R. Saravanakumar, Exponential stability of semi-Markovian jump generalized neural networks with interval time-varying delays, Neural Comput. Appl., 2018, 29(3), 483–492. |
| [17] | G. Rajchakit and R. Sriraman, Robust passivity and stability analysis of uncertain complex-valued impulsive neural networks with time-varying delays, Neural Process. Lett., 2021, 53(2), 581–606. |
| [18] | G. Rajchakit, R. Sriraman, N. Boonsatit, P. Hammachukiattikul, C. P. Lim and P. Agarwal, Exponential stability in the Lagrange sense for Clifford-valued recurrent neural networks with time delays, Adv. Differ. Equ., 2021, 2021(1), 256. |
| [19] | G. Rajchakit, R. Sriraman, C. P. Lim, P. Sam-ang and P. Hammachukiattikul, Synchronization in finite-time analysis of Clifford-valued neural networks with finite-time distributed delays, Mathematics, 2021, 9(10), 1163. |
| [20] | G. Rajchakit, R. Sriraman, C. P. Lim and B. Unyon, Existence, uniqueness and global stability of Clifford-valued neutral-type neural networks with time delays, Math. Comput. Simul., 2022, 201, 508–527. |
| [21] | G. Rajchakit, R. Sriraman and R. Samidurai, Dissipativity analysis of delayed stochastic generalized neural networks with Markovian jump parameters, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 2022, 23(6), 661–684. |
| [22] | Z. Y. Ruan, J. H. Hu and J. Mei, Robust optimal triple event-triggered intermittent control for uncertain input-constrained nonlinear systems, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 2024, 129, 107718. |
| [23] | E. Shahamatkhah and M. Tabatabaei, Leader-following group consensus of discrete-time fractional-order double-integrator multi-agent systems, ISA Trans., 2020, 106, 262–270. |
| [24] | S. P. Shen and Y. K. Li, Weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions for Clifford-valued neutral-type neural networks with leakage delays on time scales, Adv. Differ. Equ., 2020, 2020(1), 286. |
| [25] | Y. Shi and P. Zhu, Synchronization of stochastic competitive neural networks with different timescales and reaction-diffusion terms, Neural Comput., 2014, 26(9), 2005–2024. |
| [26] | V. Singh and D. N. Pandey, Weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions for fractional-order stochastic impulsive differential equations, CUBO Math. J., 2017, 19(1), 89–110. |
| [27] | X. Song, N. Wu, S. Song, Y. Zhang and V. Stojanovic, Bipartite synchronization for cooperative-competitive neural networks with reaction–diffusion terms via dual event-triggered mechanism, Neurocomputing, 2023, 550, 126498. |
| [28] | C. Sowmiya, R. Raja, Q. Zhu and G. Rajchakit, Further mean-square asymptotic stability of impulsive discrete-time stochastic BAM neural networks with Markovian jumping and multiple time-varying delays, J. Franklin Inst., 2019, 356(2), 561–591. |
| [29] | A. R. Subhashri, T. Radhika and A. Chandrasekar, Robust dissipative sliding mode control synchronization of memristive inertial competitive neural networks with time-varying delay, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top., 2025, in press. |
| [30] | Z. Z. Sun, Numerical Methods for PDEs, Science Press, Beijing, 2020. |
| [31] | B. Wang and Q. X. Zhu, Stability analysis of discrete time semi-Markov jump linear systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 2020, 65(12), 5415–5421. |
| [32] | C. Wang, J. Wang, R. P. Agarwal and Z. Li, Almost anti-periodic discrete oscillation of general $n$-dimensional mechanical system and underactuated Euler–Lagrange system, Appl. Sci., 2022, 12(4), 1991. |
| [33] | L. Wang and C. K. Zhang, Exponential synchronization of memristor-based competitive neural networks with reaction-diffusions and infinite distributed delays, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., 2024, 35(3), 745–758. |
| [34] | T. Wang and Q. Zhu, Stability analysis of stochastic BAM neural networks with reaction–diffusion, multi-proportional and distributed delays, Physica A, 2019, 533, 121935. |
| [35] | T. Wei, P. Lin, Y. Wang and L. Wang, Stability of stochastic impulsive reaction-diffusion neural networks with $S$-type distributed delays and its application to image encryption, Neural Netw., 2019, 116, 35–45. |
| [36] | Z. Wu, X. Nie and B. Cao, Coexistence and local stability of multiple equilibrium points for fractional-order state-dependent switched competitive neural networks with time-varying delays, Neural Netw., 2023, 160, 132–147. |
| [37] | J. Xiang and Y. Li, Pseudo almost automorphic solutions of quaternion-valued neural networks with infinitely distributed delays via a non-decomposing method, Adv. Differ. Equ., 2019, 2019(1), 356. |
| [38] | D. Xu, N. Hong and H. Su, Quasi-synchronization of stochastic heterogeneous networks via intermittent pinning sampled-data control, Expert Syst. Appl., 2024, 238, 121867. |
| [39] | G. Yang and W. Wan, Weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions for cellular neural networks with multi-proportional delays, Neural Process. Lett., 2018, 49(3), 1125–1138. |
| [40] | S. Yang, H. Jiang, C. Hu and J. Yu, Synchronization for fractional-order reaction–diffusion competitive neural networks with leakage and discrete delays, Neurocomputing, 2021, 436, 47–57. |
| [41] | X. S. Yang and T. T. Su, Finite-time synchronization of competitive neural networks with mixed delays, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 2016, 21(10), 3655–3667. |
| [42] | X. Yao, Z. Wang and Z. Huang, A stability criterion for discrete-time fractional-order echo state network and its application, Soft Comput., 2021, 25(6), 4823–4831. |
| [43] | X. X. You, Q. K. Song and Z. J. Zhao, Global Mittag–Leffler stability and synchronization of discrete-time fractional-order complex-valued neural networks with time delay, Neural Netw., 2020, 122, 382–394. |
| [44] | X. Yu and Q. Wang, Weighted pseudo-almost periodic solutions for shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks on time scales, Bull. Mal. Math. Sci. Soc., 2019, 42(5), 2055–2074. |
| [45] | G. Yuan, Inverse problems for stochastic parabolic equations with additive noise, J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl., 2021, 29(1), 93–108. |
| [46] | G. D. Zhang, Z. G. Zeng and D. Ning, Novel results on synchronization for a class of switched inertial neural networks with distributed delays, Inf. Sci., 2020, 511, 114–126. |
| [47] | T. W. Zhang and Y. K. Li, Global exponential stability of discrete-time almost automorphic Caputo–Fabrizio BAM fuzzy neural networks via exponential Euler technique, Knowl. -Based Syst., 2022, 246, 108675. |
| [48] | T. W. Zhang and Y. K. Li, Exponential Euler scheme of multi-delay Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order differential equations, Appl. Math. Lett., 2022, 124, 107709. |
| [49] | T. W. Zhang and Z. H. Li, Switching clusters' synchronization for discrete space-time complex dynamical networks via boundary feedback controls, Pattern Recognit., 2023, 143, 109763. |
| [50] | T. W. Zhang, Y. T. Liu and H. Z. Qu, Global mean-square exponential stability and random periodicity of discrete-time stochastic inertial neural networks with discrete spatial diffusions and Dirichlet boundary condition, Comput. Math. Appl., 2023, 141, 116–128. |
| [51] | T. W. Zhang, H. Z. Qu and J. W. Zhou, Asymptotically almost periodic synchronization in fuzzy competitive neural networks with Caputo–Fabrizio operator, Fuzzy Sets Syst., 2023, 471, 108676. |
| [52] | T. W. Zhang, S. B. Rao and J. W. Zhou, Heterogeneous boundary synchronization of time-delayed competitive neural networks with adaptive learning parameter in the space-time discretized frames, Neural Netw., 2025, 186, 107255. |
| [53] | T. W. Zhang, Y. Y. Yang and S. F. Han, Exponential heterogeneous anti-synchronization of multi-variable discrete stochastic inertial neural networks with adaptive corrective parameter, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., 2025, 142, 109871. |
| [54] | T. W. Zhang, J. W. Zhou and Y. Z. Liao, Exponentially stable periodic oscillation and Mittag–Leffler stabilization for fractional-order impulsive control neural networks with piecewise Caputo derivatives, IEEE Trans. Cybern., 2022, 52(10), 9670–9683. |
| [55] | Y. Zhao, S. S. Ren and J. G. Kurths, Synchronization of coupled memristive competitive BAM neural networks with different time scales, Neurocomputing, 2021, 427, 110–117. |
| [56] | Y. Zhao and Q. X. Zhu, Stabilization of stochastic highly nonlinear delay systems with neutral term, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 2023, 68(5), 2544–2551. |
| [57] | S. Zhou, W. Lin and J. Wu, Generalized invariance principles for discrete-time stochastic dynamical systems, Automatica, 2022, 143, 110436. |
| [58] | Q. X. Zhu, Stabilization of stochastic nonlinear delay systems with exogenous disturbances and the event-triggered feedback control, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 2019, 64(9), 3764–3771. |
3D stability of
3D stability of
2D stability of
2D stability of