2023 Volume 13 Issue 1
Article Contents

Haoyu Wang, Wenqing Hu, Xiaoliang Gan, Ping Ao. THE GENERALIZED LYAPUNOV FUNCTION AS AO'S POTENTIAL FUNCTION: EXISTENCE IN DIMENSIONS 1 AND 2[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2023, 13(1): 359-375. doi: 10.11948/20220149
Citation: Haoyu Wang, Wenqing Hu, Xiaoliang Gan, Ping Ao. THE GENERALIZED LYAPUNOV FUNCTION AS AO'S POTENTIAL FUNCTION: EXISTENCE IN DIMENSIONS 1 AND 2[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2023, 13(1): 359-375. doi: 10.11948/20220149

THE GENERALIZED LYAPUNOV FUNCTION AS AO'S POTENTIAL FUNCTION: EXISTENCE IN DIMENSIONS 1 AND 2

  • By using Ao's decomposition for stochastic dynamical systems, a new notion of potential function has been introduced by Ao and his collaborators recently. We show that this potential function agrees with the generalized Lyapunov function of the deterministic part of the stochastic dynamical system. We further prove the existence of Ao's potential function in dimensions 1 and 2 via the solution theory of first-order partial differential equations. Our framework reveals the equivalence between Ao's potential function and Lyapunov function, the latter being one of the most significant central notions in dynamical systems. Using this equivalence, our existence proof can also be interpreted as the proof of existence of Lyapunov function for a general dynamical system.

    MSC: 34A05, 34F05, 37H30
  • 加载中
  • [1] D. Angeli and E. D. Sontag, Multi-stability in monotone input/output systems, Sys. & Contr. Lett., 2004, 51(3-4), 185-202.

    Google Scholar

    [2] P. Ao, Potential in stochastic differential equations: novel construction, J. Phys. A: Math Gen, 2004, 37, L25-L30. doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/37/3/L01

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [3] P. Ao, C. Kwon and H. Qian, On the existence of potential landscape in the evolution of complex systems, Complexity, 2007, 12, 19-27. doi: 10.1002/cplx.20171

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [4] L. Arnold, Stochastic Differential Equations: Theory and Applications, J. Wiley, New York, 1974.

    Google Scholar

    [5] P. Chaikin and T. Lubensky, Principles of condensed matter physics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.

    Google Scholar

    [6] M. Chen and M. Deng, Philosophical thinking on qualitative theory and stability theory of ordinary differential equations(in Chinese), Stud. Hist. Nat. Sci., 2005, 24(1), 45-52.

    Google Scholar

    [7] C. Conley, Isolated Invariant Sets and the Morse Index, American Mathematical Society (CBMS Regional Conference Series), New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar

    [8] L. Evans, Partial Differential Equations(2nd edn.), American mathematical society, Berkeley, 2010.

    Google Scholar

    [9] R. Field and R. Noyes, Oscillatory chemical reactions, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1974, 25(1), 95-119. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pc.25.100174.000523

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [10] M. Freidlin and W. Hu, On perturbations of generalized Landau-Lifshitz dynamics, J. Stat. Phys., 2011, 144, 978-1008. doi: 10.1007/s10955-011-0289-5

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [11] M. Freidlin, W. Hu and A. Wentzell, Small mass asymptotic for the motion with vanishing friction, Stochastic Process. Appl., 2013, 123(1), 45-75. doi: 10.1016/j.spa.2012.08.013

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [12] C. Gardiner, Handbook of Stochastic Methods: For Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences (3rd edn.), Springer, Berlin, 2004.

    Google Scholar

    [13] P. Giesl, Construction of a local and global Lyapunov function for discrete dynamical systems using radial basis functions, J. Approx. Theory, 2008, 153, 184-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jat.2008.01.007

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [14] Y. Guo, Introduction to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations(in Chinese), Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2008.

    Google Scholar

    [15] S. Hafstein and S. Suhr, Smooth complete Lyapunov functions for ODEs, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2021, 499, 125003. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125003

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [16] W. Hu, On metastability in nearly-elastic systems, Asymptot. Anal., 2012, 79(1-2), 65-86.

    Google Scholar

    [17] W. Hu and L. Tcheuko, Random perturbations of dynamical systems with reflecting boundary and corresponding PDE with a small parameter, Asymptot. Anal., 2014, 87(1-2), 43-56.

    Google Scholar

    [18] A. Hu and Z. Xu, Multi-stable chaotic attractors in generalized synchronization, Commu. in Nonl. Sci. & Num. Simu., 2011, 16(8), 3237-3244.

    Google Scholar

    [19] L. Huang, Theoretical basis of Stability and Robustness(in Chinese), Science Press, Beijing, 2004.

    Google Scholar

    [20] N. Kampen, Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry (3rd edn.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007.

    Google Scholar

    [21] C. Kellett, Classical converse theorems in Lyapunov¡¯s second method, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 2015, 20(8), 2333-2360. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.2333

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [22] A. Kendal, J. Galphin and E. Palmer, Replication of influenza virus at elevated temperatures: Production of virus-like particles with reduced matrix protein content, Virology, 1977, 76(1), 186. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90295-1

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [23] D. Kong, Partial Differential Equation(in Chinese), Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2010.

    Google Scholar

    [24] N. Krasovskii, Problems of the Theory of Stability of Motion, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1963.

    Google Scholar

    [25] C. Kwon, P. Ao and D. Thouless, Structure of stochastic dynamics near fixed points, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 2005, 102, 13029-13033. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506347102

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [26] J. Lasalle, The stability of dynamical systems, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 1976.

    Google Scholar

    [27] H. Lewy, An example of a smooth linear partial differential equation without solution, Ann. Math., 1957, 6, 155-158.

    Google Scholar

    [28] Y. Liu and Z. You, Multi-stability and almost periodic solutions of a class of recurrent neural networks, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2007, 33(2), 554-563.

    Google Scholar

    [29] A. Lyapunov, The General Problem of Stability of Motions, Fizmatgiz, Moscow, 1892.

    Google Scholar

    [30] Z. Ma, Y. Zhou and C. Li, Qualitative and Stability Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations(2nd edn.)(in Chinese), Science Press, Beijing, 2015.

    Google Scholar

    [31] I. Prigogine, The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos and the New Laws of Nature, The Free Press, New York, 1997.

    Google Scholar

    [32] L. Qiao, Z. Zheng and M. Cross, Minimum-action paths for wave-number selection in nonequilibrium systems, Phys. Rev. E, 2016, 93, 042204. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.042204

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [33] Y. Qin, M. Wang and L. Wang, Theories and Applications of Motion Stability(in Chinese), Science Press, Beijing, 1981.

    Google Scholar

    [34] H. Rhee, R. Aris and N. Amundson, First-Order Partial Differential Equations(volume 2: Theory and Application of Hyperbolic Systems of Quasilinear Equations), Dover Publications Inc., New York, 2001.

    Google Scholar

    [35] M. Scheffer, S. Carpenter, J. Foley et al., Stochastic events can trigger large state shifts in ecosystems with reduced resilience, Nature, 2001, 413, 591-596. doi: 10.1038/35098000

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [36] P. Sínchez, E. Nes and M. Scheffer, Climbing Escher's stairs: a way to approximate stability landscapes in multidimensional systems, Plos Comput. Bio., 2020, 16(4), e1007788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007788

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [37] S. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Westview Press, Boulder, 2000.

    Google Scholar

    [38] Y. Tang, R. Yuan and Y. Ma, Dynamical behaviors determined by the Lyapunov function in competitive Lotka-Volterra systems, Phys. Rev. E, 2013, 87, 012708.

    Google Scholar

    [39] X. Tian, H. Zhang and J. Xing, Coupled reversible and irreversible bistable switches underlying TGF β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Biophy. J., 2013, 105(4), 1079-1089. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.011

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [40] C. Waddington, Organisers and Genes, Cambrige University Press, Cambrige, 1940.

    Google Scholar

    [41] S. Wright, The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection in evolution, Proc. Six. Inter. Congress on Gen., 1932, 1, 356-366.

    Google Scholar

    [42] R. Yuan and P. Ao, Beyond Itô versus Stratonovich, J. Stat. Mech-Theory E., 2012, 7, P07010.

    Google Scholar

    [43] R. Yuan, Y. Ma, B. Yuan et al., Lyapunov function as potential function: A dynamical equivalence, Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23(1), 136-141.

    Google Scholar

    [44] X. Zhu, L. Yin, P. Ao, Limit cycle and conserved dynamics, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 2006, 20(07), 817-827. doi: 10.1142/S0217979206033607

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [45] X. Zhu, L. Yin, L. Hood et al., Calculating biological behaviors of epigenetic states in the phage life cycle, Func. Integr. Genomics, 2004, 4(3), 188-195.

    Google Scholar

Article Metrics

Article views(1280) PDF downloads(216) Cited by(0)

Access History

Other Articles By Authors

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint