Citation: | Shuhao Wu, Xin Lu. DYNAMICS OF A DIFFUSIVE SINGLE-SPECIES MODEL WITH NONLOCALITY AND DISTRIBUTED MEMORY[J]. Journal of Applied Analysis & Computation, 2025, 15(6): 3751-3768. doi: 10.11948/20250093 |
Cognitive abilities and memorized information are significant for "smart" animals to make movement decisions. This work establishes a diffusive single-species model with nonlocality and distributed memory. We consider weak and strong temporal kernels in the memory-based diffusion term and find that the model exhibits complex dynamical behaviour produced by nonlocality and distributed memory. For either temporal kernel, mode-n Turing (or Hopf) bifurcation can emerge and double Turing bifurcation can be generated by mode-n and mode-m ($ n\neq m $) Turing bifurcations. Additionally, Hopf bifurcation is possible to occur for small random diffusion or large repulsive memory-based diffusion in considerations of weak or strong kernels, respectively. Note that the critical Turing bifurcation curve can be mode-n ($ n\geq2 $), which differs from that in the model with nonlocal spatial average, while Turing, Turing-Hopf and double Turing bifurcations do not appear in the single-species model involving only distributed memory delay. An application to our theoretical findings is presented and Turing-Hopf bifurcation and stability switches are found in numerical exploration by considering weak and strong kernels, respectively.
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